Memphis, Tennessee

Colossus 1

Operating checked 1 Nov 2026

340 MWpower online now
340 MWpeak planned or projected
$12.9Bestimated capital cost, built so far
TNTennessee

Facts

Owner
SpaceXAI
Main user
Anthropic
Chips
H100, H200, B200
Power suppliers
MLGW

Timeline

2024-04-24

Construction starts with a road added on site, retrofitting a former Electrolux building.

2024-08-11

First [significant/useful training workload](https://x.ai/colossus) on 25k H100s.

45 MW
2024-09-02

[100k H100s online](https://archive.is/z39uN).

181 MW
2025-02-17

150k H100s and 50k H200s online. This is roughly when [Musk](https://archive.is/z39uN) [said](https://archive.is/z39uN), plus on this date they reported "running jobs with 150K+ GPUs".

361 MW
2025-03-06

Second substation almost connected (red cables)

361 MW
2025-07-22

30k B200s [added](https://archive.is/oHQSA) (in GB200 configuration).

442 MW
2025-09-17

Third substation looks completed, but it doesn't appear to be connected to the building yet. Some air-cooled chillers removed, while large cooling towers are added.

348 MW
2025-10-19

There is still construction visible in the third substation yard and next to the new cooling towers.

348 MW
2025-11-07

Third substation was expected to power the building in Fall.

442 MW
2026-02-11

All air-cooled chillers have been disconnected and/or removed from the site, leaving only the cooling towers for cooling. The third substation looks complete, with red cables connected to the building.

425 MW
2026-05-06

Anthropic [announces](https://www.anthropic.com/news/higher-limits-spacex) their agreement with SpaceX to use all of the compute capacity at Colossus 1. They state that this corresponds to more than 300 MW (presumably IT power) and over 220,000 GPUs. This is slightly different to previous reports adding up to 230,000 GPUs, but still roughly consistent with our estimates.

425 MW
2026-06-01

We assume that Anthropic has started using Colossus 1 now, since the announcement said they would get access to 300 MW "within the month" of May.

425 MW
2026-06-15

No major changes to the data center since February. Solar panels have been placed next to the facility.

425 MW

Past entries are observations; entries marked projected are estimates and can change.

Data: Epoch AI, AI data centers dataset, licensed CC BY 4.0. We selected fields, cleaned location names, and added the status label.